Blasphemy and Causing to Blaspheme

 

Pastoral Position Paper - Mike Ferguson

Introduction:
If you were to take a poll among Christians today, and asked what they considered to be the most prevalent sins in our society today, my guess is that you would get answers like; "abortion", which is murder, "divorce and marital unfaithfulness or adultery", perhaps "greed", "coveting", "homosexuality", "lying" and so on. And if you asked the same group what they thought were the most prevalent sins in the Church, among those professing the name of Christ, you would get answers like; adultery, coveting, lying, divisions and so on. I have participated in one such survey and have seen the results of others, and of those results, I have never seen the sin of blasphemy in either the list of prevalent sins in society or the Church. I believe the reason for this is that we live in an age that is so steeped in and saturated with the sin of blasphemy that we can scarcely recognize it. As with any sin that is the order of the day, we tend to become desensitized to it, we become calloused and hardened and when this happens, we move further away from our goal of Christ-likeness. Far from the sin being horrific and detestable, we get used to it. Some sins are so common place that they don't even make us uncomfortable anymore, and I think that the sin of blasphemy has reached such a state. In this country, it is just another example of how far we've fallen from our Christian foundation. Blasphemy is still a crime according to some state constitutions,(1) not that an individual could not hold to some form of unbelief, but a person could be jailed for publicly profaning the name of the Lord. In some nations, blasphemy against the prevailing deity was synonymous with treason. Most importantly though, we know that the Bible presents blasphemy as a most heinous sin. During Jesus' earthly ministry, the Jews sought to kill Him as a blasphemer because He claimed to be one with the Father (John 10:30-33), and He claimed the authority to forgive sins (Mark 2:5-11). And before the High Priest, when Jesus stated under oath that He was the Christ, the High Priest tore his robe in horror (Mt 26:63-65). These of course were false charges for Christ is very God of very God, but we can see from these and similar texts that the sin of blasphemy was extremely serious.

Blasphemy simply stated:
Webster's dictionary of 1828 defines blasphemy as "an injury offered to God, by denying that which is due and belonging to him, or attributing to him that which is not agreeable to his nature." We see in the verses above that the Jews, blinded to the reality of Christ's divinity, considered that a mere man was claiming for himself divine prerogatives. Blasphemy violates the Creator/ creature distinction by either attributing to the human what solely belongs to God, or by attributing to God the limitations or sinfulness of man. We'll develop this more below.

The Law:

"Now the son of an Israelite woman, whose father was an Egyptian, went out among the children of Israel; and this Israelite woman's son and a man of Israel fought each other in the camp. And the Israelite woman's son blasphemed the name of the Lord and cursed; and so they brought him to Moses. (His mother's name was Shelomith the daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan.) Then they put him in custody that the mind of the Lord might be shown to them. And the Lord spoke to Moses saying, "Take outside the camp him who has cursed; then let all who heard him lay their hands on his head, and let all the congregation stone him. Then you shall speak to the children of Israel, saying: Whoever curses his God shall bear his sin. And whoever blasphemes the name of the Lord shall surely be put to death. All the congregation shall certainly stone him, the stranger as well as him who is born in the land. When he blasphemes the name of the Lord, he shall be put to death." Lev. 24:10-16

Moses had been given the summary of the moral law written on two tables of stone. All subsequent statutes, decrees and case laws would fall under the broader categories of the ten commandments. For example, under the fifth commandment to honor your parents would come the principle to honor all lawful authority. Under the seventh commandment prohibiting adultery would fall all sexual sin, fornication, sodomy, beastiality, etc. Blasphemy would fall under the third commandment of not taking the Lord's name in vain. As the Westminster Shorter Catechism states it, the third commandment requires "the holy and reverent use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, Word, and works", and forbids "all profaning and abusing of any thing whereby God maketh himself known."(2) Blasphemy in the Old Testament is a detracting from the glory of God whether directly or indirectly. It is the opposite of praising and exalting God.(3)

We see in the Leviticus passage that the blasphemer is put in custody. Incarceration was not a biblical option of punishment and there were no jails in Israel at this time. The offender was probably put under guard until the Lord's will was revealed. To this point, the Israelites knew from the third commandment that the Lord would not hold those who profaned His name guiltless, but the punishment had not yet been revealed. Death is the sentence which God commands through Moses, and the offender is taken outside the camp and stoned. The witnesses who heard the blasphemy would lay their hands upon his head, and bearing his own sin, the congregation would stone him. The horror of blasphemy would be driven home to Israel as the stones crushed the life out of the guilty one. There was no provision for a "scapegoat", no sin bearer for the one guilty of this sin. The Hebrew word for blaspheme means "to curse", but it also means "to strike through" and "to pierce", and as we look at the life of Christ we see Him falsely convicted of blasphemy, taken outside the camp, and pierced and stricken through. Our scapegoat was made a curse for His people to satisfy the justice of God. I believe it was John Murray who called the crucifixion the arch crime of history, and I would add, the arch blasphemy of history.

Back to Leviticus, some Jewish commentators tell that when the witnesses laid their hands on the head of the one condemned they said these words; "Thy blood be upon thine own head, and not we punished for thy death, which thou hast been the cause of thyself." They wanted it known that they had no part in this terrible sin. How horrible it would be if they had participated in this sin, and how horrible to have been the cause. And this brings me to the issue of causing another to blaspheme. Scripture teaches in several places, that our sins can give cause for sinful men to blaspheme God and His word. Having briefly examined the seriousness of this offense against God, I want to look at some passages which highlight one of the terrible consequences of our sin, especially scandalous or public sin.

In 2 Samuel 11 we have the account of David's adultery with Bathsheba and subsequent murder of Uriah her husband by ordering him to the frontline of battle. In chapter 12, Nathan the prophet confronts David, and in verses 13 and 14 we read: "So David said to Nathan, "I have sinned against the Lord." And Nathan said to David, "The Lord also has put away your sin; you shall not die. However, because by this deed you have given great occasion to the enemies of the Lord to blaspheme, the child also who is born to you shall surely die." David's high-handed sins were blasphemous,(4) and he gave great occasion to the heathen to slander God. Why? Because he sinned in God's face and showed contempt for His law. The enemies of God and Israel would revel in David's fall and the calamity it brought upon his household. They would say, "This one who sings psalms and loves the law defied God's authority with his lust. And his God couldn't keep him from falling." Scandalous sin brings reproach upon the name of God.

The Apostle Paul warns against sinful choices which cause others to blaspheme in three of his letters, Romans, 1 Timothy, and Titus.

"Indeed you are called a Jew, and rest on the law, and make your boast in God, and know His will, and approve the things that are excellent, being instructed out of the law, and are confident that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness, an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of babes, having the form of knowledge and truth in the law. You therefore who teach another, do you not teach yourself? You who preach that a man should not steal, do you steal? You who say, "Do not commit adultery," do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? You who make your boast in the law, do you dishonor God through breaking the law? For "the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you," as it is written." Romans 2:17-24

The things that Paul points out in the beginning of this passage are good things. God chose Israel to be a people for renown, for praise, and for glory. They possessed the oracles of God, His revealed will, they were called to be guides, instructors, and a light to the blind. They should be boasting in God. They were called to be a testimony of God's righteousness and goodness to the nations round about her. But they have proven to be the very opposite! Paul's quote of the prophets is a stinging indictment, "The name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles."(5) And why? Hypocrisy. "You who make your boast in the law, do you dishonor God through breaking the law?" Yes, you dishonor God and cause His name to be blasphemed. And here is a sobering warning to the Church, the spiritual Israel. We have the written revelation of God and we are called to be salt and light, instructors and guides. What kind of testimony of God are we presenting to the world when we claim to love Him yet keep not His commandments? We dishonor Him, and His name and word are blasphemed among the heathen.

"Let as many bondservants as are under the yoke count their own masters worthy of all honor, so that the name of God and His doctrine may not be blasphemed." 1 Timothy 6:1

This verse can be applied to any relationship between superiors and inferiors.(6) Think about trying to convince an unbelieving boss that he needed to submit to the lordship of Christ, when he sees you loafing and stealing time and productivity and breaking company rules. He would say, "Is this what your religion teaches about honor and submission? What kind of God do you serve?" Too often all we see is a squandered witnessing opportunity instead of God being blasphemed with us as a primary cause. The positive aspect of faithfulness in honoring superiors is seen in Titus 2:9-10.

"Exhort bondservants to be obedient to their own masters, to be well pleasing in all things, not answering back, not pilfering, but showing all good fidelity, that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior in all things."

Through our unfaithfulness and disobedience, God's doctrine is blasphemed. Through our faithfulness and obedience, His doctrine is adorned.

"But as for you, speak the things which are proper for sound doctrine: that the older men be sober, reverent, temperate, sound in faith, in love, in patience; the older women likewise, that they be reverent in behavior, not slanderers, not given to much wine, teachers of good things- that they admonish the young women to love their husbands, to love their children, to be discreet, chaste, homemakers, good, obedient to their own husbands, that the word of God may not be blasphemed." Titus 2:1-5

Once again, Paul lays out the sobering fact that how we live bears directly upon how God and His word are viewed.

Some Implications:
1. We must have a God-centered view of sin. All sin is against God. It is sin because it falls short of the glory of God (Rom 3:23). It is evil because God is dishonored. Modern psychology wants to deny God yet use His morality to denounce hurting each other. Evil is defined as me being hurt or threatened or abused. David wasn't denying taking the life of Uriah, or the calamity brought down upon his family when he said "Against You, You only have I sinned, and done this evil in Your sight" (Ps 51:4). He understood this principle. We need to be zealous for the glory of God. We need to guard our lives and understand that we "dishonor God by breaking the law." (Rom 2:23)

2. Our hypocrisy is used to attack God. The fact is that all unbelievers are blasphemers. To deny God is blasphemy. The late R.J. Rushdoony summed it up nicely: "To ground any sphere of thought, life, or action, or any sphere of being on anything other than the triune God is blasphemy."(7) The unbeliever tries to shake off the revelation of God that smacks him in the face every day of his life. Usually the unbeliever couldn't care less about your sin, he is just looking for an occasion to defame God and religion in an attempt to appease his guilty conscience. The wicked want you to be a hypocrite and will even aid you in your hypocrisy. Some may act deeply offended by hypocrisy, but instead of seeing that the problem is your sin, they thank you for the hammer and begin slamming the foundation of Christ and His gospel.

3. Having said that unbelievers are bent on blaspheming God, this doesn't get us off the hook for giving them the occasion. We need to avoid two errors here. The guilt manipulator wants to put all the blood on your head. "They are going to hell because you didn't witness to them." No. They are going to hell for their own sin, not mine. But the other extreme says, "They were bent on it, they were going to do it any way, I'm not responsible." The biblical position is to affirm secondary causes. That's us folks. As "Reformed", we usually don't have trouble understanding that God predestines the means, as well as the ends in the realm of salvation. We understand that salvation is of the Lord, yet it is one of life's greatest thrills to be the means of leading someone to Christ. But how often do we consider being the means of someone blaspheming? You're kidding yourself if you are saying "Surely not I Lord." The thought of it should be horrifying to us. Yes, God hardens the wicked for destruction and He uses means. May God grant that our opponents be ashamed, having nothing evil to say about us (Titus 2:8).

4. Failing to submit to authority is the root cause of God being blasphemed among unbelievers. In Numbers 15:30, the Lord calls high-handed, presumptuous sin blasphemy because it is a direct assault upon His authority as law giver. In Titus 2, wives are to be obedient to their husbands, their head and authority, that the word of God may not be blasphemed. First Peter tells us that the wife's submission to the husband adorns herself as well as the gospel. The 1 Timothy passage clearly refers to submission to authority that God's doctrine not be blasphemed. And in Romans 2, the Jews didn't honor God by submitting to His law. There is no authority except from God (Rom 13:1). When you claim to love and follow Him, but cast off His order by not submitting to the authorities which He has placed over you, you give occasion for His name, word, and works to be blasphemed. As an aside, I think this principle lends support to those who would place the fifth commandment in the first table of the law as our duty to God for we see how it is an attack upon His authority.

Conclusion:
On a positive note, our reformation in worship is a powerful antidote against blasphemy. As we put away childish things, smugness and flippancy in our worship, and come before God in fear and reverence, our lives will be transformed. God's transformed people grow in faithfulness and obedience. Willing submission and obedience to father, mother, husband, elders, employers, governors, etc. adorns the gospel and glorifies God. "Let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven" (Mt 5:16). May God's name be hallowed.

1 In 1968, a man was convicted on charges of blasphemy in Maryland. The 1723 law against profaning the Lord's name in public was still on the books. Quoted in "Institutes of Biblical Law" R.J. Rushdoony pp124

2 Questions 54 and 55

3 In the Greek of the New Testament, blasphemy can be used in a broader sense of slandering or insulting any person as well as insulting or mocking God.

4 Compare 2 Sam 12:9 and Numbers 15:30-31.

5 Paul's quote seems to be a harmony of Isaiah 52:5 and Ezekiel 36:22

6 This is offensive language in our egalitarian age, but simply refers to either being in authority, (superior) or under authority (inferior).

7 Rushdoony, Institutes of Biblical Law pp127